Nanosomal Amphotericin B is an efficacious alternative to Ambisome for fungal therapy

Amphotericin B was formulated in lipids (Nanosomal Amphotericin B) without using any detergent or toxic organic solvents during the preparation. Electron microscopy and particle size determination of Nanosomal Amphotericin B showed a homogeneous population of nanosized particles below 100 nm. Hemolysis assay indicated that Nanosomal Amphotericin B causes significantly less lysis of red blood cells than Amphotericin B deoxycholate and was comparable to Ambisome. A maximum daily dose of Nanosomal Amphotericin B at 5 mg/kg in rabbits and 10 mg/kg in mice for 28 days showed no symptoms of toxicity, mortality or significant body weight reduction. Hematological and gross pathological analysis of tissues revealed no abnormalities attributable to the drug treatment. Nanosomal Amphotericin B and Ambisome were injected (iv) at 2 mg/kg consecutively for 5 days into mice infected with Aspergillus fumigatus. The treatment resulted in 90% survival with Nanosomal Amphotericin B and only 30% survival with Ambisome after 10 days of fungal infection. However, all of the 10 control mice which were not treated with Amphotericin B died within 5 days of fungal infection. Nanosomal Amphotericin B is safe, cost effective and provides an alternative option for treatment of fungal disease.