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Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Three-dimensional Imaging and Analysis of Mitochondria within Human Intraepidermal Nerve Fibers
Published on: September 29, 2017
The mitochondrial component of intracrine action
1Ochsner Clinic Foundation, 1514 Jefferson Hwy., New Orleans, LA 70121, USA. rre@ochsner.org
Abstract:
In recent years the actions of intracellular-acting, extracellular signaling proteins/peptides (intracrines) have become increasingly defined. General principles of intracrine action have been proposed. Mitochondria represent one locus of intracrine action, and thus far, angiotensin II, transforming growth factor-beta, growth hormone, atrial natriuretic peptide, Wnt 13, stanniocalcin, other renin-angiotensin system components, and vascular endothelial-derived growth factor, among others, have been shown to be mitochondria-localizing intracrines. The implications of this mitochondrial intracrine biology are discussed.
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