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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein (MOG35-55) Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 Mice
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Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis in a Rottweiler dog.

Alicia K Olivier1, Jennifer D Parkes, Heather A Flaherty

  • 1Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 2740 Veterinary Pathology, Ames, IA 50011, USA. aolivier@iastate.edu

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

A young Rottweiler experienced progressive neurological issues and ataxia. Diagnosis revealed idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis, characterized by brain and spinal cord eosinophil infiltration.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Neurology
  • Immunopathology
  • Canine Medicine

Background:

  • Neurological disorders in young dogs can be challenging to diagnose.
  • Eosinophilic inflammatory conditions affect multiple organ systems.
  • Idiopathic inflammatory brain diseases require thorough exclusion of infectious causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis in a young dog.
  • To describe the clinical, pathological, and diagnostic findings.
  • To highlight the importance of comprehensive diagnostics in suspected neurological inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination and history taking.
  • Necropsy with histopathological examination of central and peripheral nervous system, liver, and intestines.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis.
  • Special stains to rule out infectious agents.

Main Results:

  • A 6-month-old Rottweiler presented with abnormal behavior and ataxia.
  • Necropsy revealed severe eosinophilic infiltration in the brain (medulla oblongata, cerebellum) and spinal cord.
  • Eosinophilic infiltrates were also found in the liver and small intestines.
  • Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and histopathology supported the diagnosis.

Conclusions:

  • Idiopathic eosinophilic meningoencephalomyelitis is a rare but significant cause of neurological dysfunction in young dogs.
  • Diagnosis requires a combination of clinical signs, advanced imaging, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and histopathology.
  • Exclusion of infectious and other inflammatory causes is crucial for definitive diagnosis.