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Related Concept Videos

Heritability01:06

Heritability

Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic" a trait is,...
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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Foreign Accent and Forensic Speaker Identification in Voice Lineups: The Influence of Acoustic Features Based on Prosody
09:09

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Published on: September 27, 2024

Heritability estimation for speech-sound traits with developmental trajectories.

Catherine M Stein1, Qing Lu, Robert C Elston

  • 1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Behavior Genetics
|July 13, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors significantly influence developmental disorders like speech sound disorders (SSD). A new method accounts for age-related changes, revealing that repeating multisyllabic real words (MSW) has the strongest heritability at 45%.

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Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

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Published on: January 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Genetic influences on developmental disorders like speech sound disorders (SSD), language impairment (LI), and reading disability are widely studied.
  • Traditional twin/sibling studies often ignore age-related developmental changes, limiting data utility from age-disparate relatives.
  • Parent-offspring correlations offer precise heritability estimates but require same-trait measurements across generations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and apply a novel smoothing procedure to model age-related developmental trajectories for heritability estimation.
  • To reconcile measurement scale differences across age groups (children, adolescents, adults) for accurate genetic variance analysis.
  • To estimate the heritability of phonological memory and articulation measures, accounting for developmental changes.

Main Methods:

  • A smoothing procedure was employed to fit lines approximating developmental curves, adjusting for age-related measure variations.
  • This method standardizes measures across different age groups, enabling consistent analysis.
  • The procedure was applied to four phonological memory and articulation measures to estimate heritability.

Main Results:

  • The smoothing procedure successfully adjusted for age-related changes in developmental measures.
  • Repetition of multisyllabic real words (MSW) demonstrated the highest heritability estimate of 45% within the study sample.
  • The study highlights the effectiveness of non-linear modeling in addressing age-span measurement discrepancies.

Conclusions:

  • Non-linear modeling of developmental processes can reconcile measurement scale differences across age spans.
  • Accurate heritability estimation for developmental disorders requires accounting for age-related phenotypic changes.
  • The repetition of multisyllabic real words (MSW) is a promising endophenotype for studying genetic influences on speech development.