Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 11, 2026

07:37
Assessment and Communication for People with Disorders of Consciousness
Published on: August 1, 2017
[Conscience development: a review of theory and research]
1Kinder- en Jeugdpsychiatriecentra te Groningen. w.stapert@ru.nl
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie
|July 13, 2010
Summary
Recent theories emphasize emotional attunement for healthy conscience development, contrasting with older models focused on control. These new insights aid understanding of normal and deviant conscience development.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Developmental Psychology
- Psychiatry
Context:
- Growing interest in neuroscientific findings related to conscience development.
- Existing theories on conscience development are being re-evaluated for adequacy.
- Need for accessible theories for psychiatric discussion.
Purpose:
- To review and compare available theories on conscience development.
- To assess the adequacy of current theories in light of new findings.
- To facilitate discussion among psychiatrists regarding conscience development.
Summary:
- Analysis of nine theories on conscience development.
- Recent theories highlight the role of emotional attunement and inborn capacities.
- Classical theories emphasized restriction and control, differing from modern perspectives.
Impact:
- New theoretical approaches offer fresh insights into normal conscience development.
- Understanding deviant conscience development can be enhanced.
- Potential contributions to clinical practice in psychiatry.
Related Concept Videos
Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development
Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal consequences. In Stage...
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal consequences. In Stage...
Understanding Self-Concept
The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those aschematic for...
Understanding Consciousness
Consciousness can be defined as the state of being aware of and able to think about one's existence, sensations, and surroundings. It encompasses two major components: awareness and arousal. Awareness pertains to the recognition of environmental stimuli and internal states. At the same time, arousal refers to the physiological readiness to engage with these stimuli, which varies significantly between states like sleep and wakefulness.
Sleep, a crucial state, is characterized by reduced physical...
Sleep, a crucial state, is characterized by reduced physical...
Reason and Intuition
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the brain can only use...
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group effort.
Cognitive Dissonance
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...

