Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for their...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

Nonlinear Pharmacokinetics: Dependence of Elimination Half-Life and Dose Clearance

The elimination half-life and drug clearance of drugs following nonlinear kinetics can vary with dosage. The Michaelis-Menten parameters and drug concentration influence these factors. As the dose increases, the elimination half-life tends to lengthen, resulting in a reduction in clearance and a disproportionately larger area under the curve. The total clearance can be derived from the Michaelis-Menten equation for drugs following a one-compartment model.
A study on guinea pigs examined the...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Antihypertensive Drugs: Potassium-Sparing Diuretics

Liddle syndrome is a genetically inherited form of hypertension characterized by the overactivity of epithelial sodium channels in the nephron, the functional unit of the kidney. This heightened activity leads to increased sodium reabsorption and excessive excretion of potassium. To counteract this, potassium-sparing diuretics such as amiloride are used. They function by blocking these sodium channels, thereby reducing the influx of sodium into the epithelial cells and minimizing the loss of...

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic Drugs: Sodium Channel Blockers

Antiepileptic drugs are specialized medications that prevent seizures in individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. These drugs primarily function by blocking the movement of sodium ions through channels in the neuronal membrane, inhibiting the repetitive firing of action potentials often associated with seizures.
Sodium channel blockers modulate ion channels, particularly voltage-gated sodium channels. They block only sodium ion movement.
Among the most commonly prescribed antiepileptic drugs are...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Pre-bout hypertension in the combat sports athlete: clearance recommendations.

The Physician and sportsmedicine·2022

Same author

Palliative Paracentesis in the Home Setting: A Case Series.

The American journal of hospice & palliative care·2020

Same author

The Role of Ultrasound-Guided Therapeutic Thoracentesis in an Outpatient Transitional Care Program: A Case Series.

The American journal of hospice & palliative care·2019

Same author

The Role of Ultrasound-Guided Therapeutic Paracentesis in an Outpatient Transitional Care Program: A Case Series.

The American journal of hospice & palliative care·2018

Same author

Direct Telephonic Communication in a Heart Failure Transitional Care Program: An observational study.

Cardiology research·2017

Same author

Unilateral weakness of the muscles of facial expression.

American family physician·2014

Same journal

Atypical antipsychotic use and parkinsonism in dementia: effects of drug, dose, and sex.

The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy·2012

Same journal

Use of rivastigmine or galantamine and risk of adverse cardiac events: a database study from the Netherlands.

The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy·2012

Same journal

Use of warfarin therapy among residents who developed venous thromboembolism in the nursing home.

The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy·2012

Same journal

Warfarin-antibiotic interactions in older adults of an outpatient anticoagulation clinic.

The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy·2012

Same journal

Effect of combination fluticasone propionate and salmeterol or inhaled corticosteroids on asthma-related outcomes in a Medicare-eligible population.

The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy·2012

Same journal

Dementia and risk of adverse warfarin-related events in the nursing home setting.

The American journal of geriatric pharmacotherapy·2012

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Published on: August 24, 2018

Probable valproate sodium-associated hypotension.

¹Family Medicine Center, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.

The American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy

|July 14, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Intravenous valproate sodium infusion may cause hypotension. This case report highlights a probable link between valproate sodium administration and a significant drop in blood pressure in a patient receiving the antiepileptic drug.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Complete and Partial Aortic Occlusion for the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock in Swine

Published on: August 24, 2018

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Clinical Neurology
Patient Safety

Background:

Valproate sodium is an antiepileptic drug (AED) used for status epilepticus.
While generally well-tolerated, some studies suggest a risk of hypotension during infusion.
This report aims to raise awareness of potential hypotension following intravenous valproate sodium administration.

Observation:

A 75-year-old male developed hypotension after receiving an intravenous loading dose of valproate sodium.
Blood pressure dropped significantly approximately 2.5 hours post-infusion.
Hypotension persisted for 3 days despite fluid hydration, eventually resolving spontaneously.

Findings:

The intravenous infusion of valproate sodium at 14 mg/min was identified as the probable cause of hypotension.
The patient's Naranjo score indicated a probable adverse drug reaction.
Hypotension was transient and self-limited in this case.

Implications:

Clinicians should monitor blood pressure closely during and after intravenous valproate sodium infusions.
Awareness of this potential adverse effect is crucial for patient safety.
Further research may be warranted to elucidate the mechanism and incidence of valproate-induced hypotension.