Feto-maternal interaction: a mathematical model simulating placental response in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Elevated maternal blood pressure (BP) is common in pregnancies complicated by hypertensive disorders. In response, increased production and accumulation of elastin occurs in the feto-placental blood vessels. This results in increased vascular wall stiffness that increases the resistance to flow. To study the interaction between the stiffness of the fetoplacental blood vessels, fetoplacental blood flow and BP, a mathematical model of the fetoplacental vascular tree was developed. The model describes an elastic structure exposed to external pressure. Model results indicate that increased vascular stiffness in the fetal blood vessels may contribute to optimizing fetoplacental blood flow in hypertensive pregnancies. According to model predictions, uncontrolled lowering of BP following vascular adaptation may adversely affect fetoplacental blood flow.