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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis01:25

Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated hypertension...
Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications

For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is based on...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Hyperglycemia01:29

Hyperglycemia

Hyperglycemia is an abnormally high blood glucose level. It is diagnosed by fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL, 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (or OGTT) ≥200 mg/dL, random glucose ≥200 mg/dL with symptoms, or HbA1c ≥6.5%. However, HbA1c results may be unreliable in certain conditions, such as anemia or hemoglobinopathies, and the diagnosis should be confirmed unless classic symptoms are present. Postprandial hyperglycemia is typically considered significant when glucose levels exceed 180 mg/dL two...

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Mouse Electroacupuncture Fixation Device Fabrication for Electroacupuncture Pretreatment in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model
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Mouse Electroacupuncture Fixation Device Fabrication for Electroacupuncture Pretreatment in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Mouse Model

Published on: April 18, 2025

Foot screening for diabetics.

Aziz Nather1, Siok Bee Chionh, Patricia L M Tay

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore. dosnathe@nus.edu.sg

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore
|July 14, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Early diabetic foot screening is crucial for identifying at-risk patients. This study found significant rates of neuropathy and vasculopathy, highlighting the need for timely intervention to prevent amputations.

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Come to the Light Side: In Vivo Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections in Chronic Wounds in a Diabetic Hairless Murine Model
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Published on: October 10, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Podiatry
  • Endocrinology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Diabetic foot complications represent a significant health burden.
  • Early detection and management are key to preventing severe outcomes like amputation.
  • A multi-disciplinary approach is essential for comprehensive diabetic foot care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of a multi-disciplinary diabetic foot screening program.
  • To identify the prevalence of neuropathy and vasculopathy in a diabetic population.
  • To assess the effectiveness of standardized screening protocols.

Main Methods:

  • A standardized protocol was used for foot screening of 2137 diabetic patients (3926 feet).
  • Screening included detailed history, clinical examination, sensory neuropathy assessment (Semmes Weinstein monofilament, neurothesiometer), and vasculopathy assessment (ankle-brachial index, TBI).
  • Patients were classified using King's College Classification.

Main Results:

  • The majority of patients were in their fifth and sixth decades, with a predominance of Type II diabetes.
  • Neuropathy was detected in 33.3% of feet using the 5.07 SWMF.
  • Vasculopathy was present in 13.0% (ABI <0.8) and 13.9% (TBI <0.7) of feet.
  • 50.0% of feet were classified as Stage 1 (Normal) and 28.8% as Stage 2 (At-Risk) according to King's Classification.

Conclusions:

  • Early diabetic foot screening is vital for detecting 'At-Risk' feet.
  • Prompt identification can prevent the development of diabetic foot complications.
  • Implementing screening programs can significantly reduce the risk of major amputations.