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Related Concept Videos

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects01:29

Self-Discrepancy and Its Effects

Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
Bonanno's Theory of Grieving01:17

Bonanno's Theory of Grieving

Grieving is a complex psychological and emotional process that varies significantly among individuals. George Bonanno's research on bereavement identified four distinct patterns of grieving, offering a nuanced understanding of how people cope with significant loss, such as the death of a spouse, over extended periods. These patterns — resilience, recovery, chronic dysfunction, and delayed grief — highlight the diversity in emotional responses and adaptive mechanisms.
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The resilience...
Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory01:20

Lazarus's Cognitive Appraisal Theory

Cognitive psychologist Richard Lazarus proposed the cognitive-mediational theory of emotions, which emphasizes how individuals' assessments of stressors significantly affect their experience of stress. According to Lazarus, the stress response is determined by a two-step appraisal process: primary appraisal and secondary appraisal. These cognitive appraisals help individuals evaluate the potential impact of a stressor and determine the adequacy of their coping resources.
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
06:39

Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants

Published on: June 13, 2021

Maternal distress: a concept analysis.

Elizabeth Emmanuel1, Winsome St John

  • 1Research Centre for Clinical Practice Innovation, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia. e.emmanuel@griffith.edu.au

Journal of Advanced Nursing
|July 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Maternal distress, encompassing stress, adapting, functioning, and connecting, requires clearer interpretation for better maternal emotional health. Understanding these responses supports mothers during the transition to motherhood.

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Area of Science:

  • Nursing
  • Midwifery
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Maternal distress concept needs development beyond traditional dysfunction models.
  • Current understanding is limited, particularly in nursing and midwifery.
  • Requires a broader scope from normal stress to mental health issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze and develop the concept of maternal distress.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of maternal emotional health during the transition to motherhood.

Main Methods:

  • Evolutionary concept analysis using Rodgers' steps.
  • Systematic literature search of SCOPUS, CINAHL, and Medline (1995-2009).
  • Keywords: 'psychological distress', 'emotional distress', 'maternal distress'.

Main Results:

  • Identified four attributes of maternal distress: stress, adapting, functioning/control, and connecting.
  • Antecedents include role changes, body changes, increased demands, and relationship shifts.
  • Consequences range from compromised mental health to impacts on quality of life and relationships.

Conclusions:

  • A refined interpretation of maternal distress enhances understanding of maternal emotional health.
  • Acknowledging women's experiences and providing tailored support can alleviate hardships.
  • Supports a more holistic approach to maternal well-being.