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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the 20th century...
Pollination and Flower Structure02:40

Pollination and Flower Structure

Flowers are the reproductive, seed-producing structures of angiosperms. Typically, flowers consist of sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals and petals are the vegetative flower organs. Stamens and carpels are the reproductive organs.
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death01:11

Cellular Injury IlI: Cellular Death

Cell death is the irreversible loss of cellular structure and function, representing the final stage of severe injury. It plays a key role in both normal physiology and disease.Types of Cell DeathThe two main types are necrosis and apoptosis, though others like necroptosis and pyroptosis also exist.Necrosis:Necrosis is an unregulated form of cell death caused by severe injury such as trauma, toxins, or ischemia. It is characterized by cell swelling, membrane loss, rupture, and leakage of...
Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and pro-apoptotic...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers
07:27

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Published on: April 1, 2017

Flower dooms cells to death.

Peter Gallant1

  • 1Universität Würzburg, Physiologische Chemie 2, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany. peter.gallant@biozentrum.uni-wuerzburg.de

Developmental Cell
|July 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

In Drosophila imaginal discs, slower-growing cells undergo apoptosis during cell competition. The membrane protein Flower is induced in these outcompeted cells, driving their programmed cell death.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cell biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cell competition is a mechanism in multicellular organisms where less fit cells are eliminated by fitter neighbors.
  • This process is crucial for tissue homeostasis and development, ensuring only optimal cells contribute to the organism.

Discussion:

  • The study identifies the membrane protein Flower as a key player in cell competition within Drosophila imaginal discs.
  • Flower expression is specifically upregulated in cells destined for elimination, marking them for apoptosis.
  • This finding provides a molecular marker and potential mechanism for identifying and triggering the removal of 'loser' cells.

Key Insights:

  • The membrane protein Flower is a novel marker for outcompeted cells in Drosophila.
  • Flower is essential for the induction of apoptosis in these 'loser' cells during cell competition.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers
07:27

Live Confocal Imaging of Developing Arabidopsis Flowers

Published on: April 1, 2017

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques
09:17

Whole-mount Clearing and Staining of Arabidopsis Flower Organs and Siliques

Published on: April 12, 2018

Studying Cell Death Initiation Using a Digital Microscope
06:06

Studying Cell Death Initiation Using a Digital Microscope

Published on: November 10, 2023

  • This discovery sheds light on the molecular pathways governing cell elimination based on fitness.

    • Outlook:

    • Further research can explore the precise signaling pathways Flower engages to induce apoptosis.
    • Investigating Flower's role in other developmental contexts or species could reveal conserved mechanisms.
    • Targeting Flower or its pathway could offer therapeutic strategies for diseases involving aberrant cell competition, such as cancer.