Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer Survival Analysis

Cancer survival analysis focuses on quantifying and interpreting the time from a key starting point, such as diagnosis or the initiation of treatment, to a specific endpoint, such as remission or death. This analysis provides critical insights into treatment effectiveness and factors that influence patient outcomes, helping to shape clinical decisions and guide prognostic evaluations. A cornerstone of oncology research, survival analysis tackles the challenges of skewed, non-normally...

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology

Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...

Cancer Prevention

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

A consensus report of the role of serum thyroglobulin as a monitoring method for low-risk patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2003

Same author

Management of papillary and follicular (differentiated) thyroid cancer: new paradigms using recombinant human thyrotropin.

Endocrine-related cancer·2003

Same author

Thyroid cancer and Graves' disease: the controversy ten years later.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2001

Same author

Histologic variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2001

Same author

Finding and treating subclinical hypothyroidism.

Hospital practice (1995)·2001

Same author

Sodium iodide symporter in health and disease.

Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association·2001

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Thyroid cancer epidemiology and prognostic variables.

J A Sipos¹, E L Mazzaferri

¹Division of Endocriniology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. Jennifer.sipos@osumc.edu

Clinical Oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain))

|July 15, 2010

Summary

Thyroid cancer incidence is rising globally. This review examines reasons for increased thyroid cancer rates and identifies factors indicating a poorer prognosis, highlighting limitations in current staging systems.

Area of Science:

Oncology
Endocrinology

Background:

Thyroid cancer incidence is increasing worldwide.
While many patients have excellent survival, some face poorer prognoses.
Identifying high-risk thyroid tumors is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the rising incidence of thyroid cancer and its potential causes.
To explore prognostic factors for patients with thyroid cancer.
To analyze the limitations of current thyroid cancer staging systems.

Main Methods:

Literature review and analysis of epidemiological trends.
Examination of clinical factors associated with patient outcomes.
Critical evaluation of existing staging and management guidelines.

More Related Videos

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Establishment and Characterization of Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Published on: June 2, 2023

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Competing-Risk Nomogram for Predicting Cancer-Specific Survival in Multiple Primary Colorectal Cancer Patients after Surgery

Published on: September 27, 2024

Main Results:

The paper will detail the increasing global incidence of thyroid cancer.
Key factors associated with unfavorable prognoses will be presented.
Shortcomings of current staging systems in managing thyroid cancer will be discussed.

Conclusions:

Understanding the drivers of increasing thyroid cancer incidence is essential.
Accurate risk stratification is vital for effective patient management.
Improved staging systems are needed for better thyroid cancer care.