Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
Other Glycolytic Pathways01:24

Other Glycolytic Pathways

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) operates in parallel with glycolysis, facilitating the metabolism of both pentoses and glucose. This pathway consists of two distinct phases: the oxidative and non-oxidative phases. While it does not directly generate ATP, the intermediates formed during the process can integrate into glycolysis, contributing to cellular energy metabolism when required.Oxidative Phase: NADPH ProductionThe oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway is primarily...
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
Morphogenesis02:19

Morphogenesis

Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Functional Divergence of the Arg/N-Degron Pathway Between the Crop <i>Brassica rapa</i> and the Model Plant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>.

Plant direct·2026
Same author

The next frontier: Exploring plant hypoxia sensing and response mechanisms through synthetic biology.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

New Insights into the Connections between Flooding/Hypoxia Response and Plant Defenses against Pathogens.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Hypoxia represses pattern-triggered immune responses in Arabidopsis.

Plant physiology·2024
Same author

BIG enhances Arg/N-degron pathway-mediated protein degradation to regulate Arabidopsis hypoxia responses and suberin deposition.

The Plant cell·2024
Same author

Breaking boundaries: a novel role for CUC genes in sex determination in cucurbits.

Journal of experimental botany·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

The plant N-end rule pathway: structure and functions.

Emmanuelle Graciet1, Frank Wellmer

  • 1Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland. graciete@tcd.ie

Trends in Plant Science
|July 15, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The N-end rule pathway, a key protein degradation mechanism, is now better understood in plants. Recent research identifies its components and reveals its role in plant growth and development.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The N-end rule pathway regulates protein stability based on N-terminal amino acids.
  • It's a crucial part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in eukaryotes, vital for animal and fungal development.
  • Its role and components in plants have remained largely unclear until recently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in identifying the enzymatic components of the plant N-end rule pathway.
  • To describe the known functions of this pathway in regulating plant growth and development.
  • To highlight future research directions for understanding this pathway in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on the N-end rule pathway in plants.

More Related Videos

Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
08:09

Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics

Published on: June 17, 2012

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 11, 2026

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways
08:01

A Web Tool for Generating High Quality Machine-readable Biological Pathways

Published on: February 8, 2017

Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics
08:09

Annotation of Plant Gene Function via Combined Genomics, Metabolomics and Informatics

Published on: June 17, 2012

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways
09:27

Functional Complementation Analysis (FCA): A Laboratory Exercise Designed and Implemented to Supplement the Teaching of Biochemical Pathways

Published on: June 24, 2016

  • Analysis of identified enzymatic components mediating protein degradation.
  • Synthesis of functional data related to plant growth and development.

    • Main Results:

    • Recent progress has led to the identification of key enzymatic components involved in the plant N-end rule pathway.
    • The pathway's involvement in controlling various aspects of plant growth and development is becoming increasingly evident.
    • Several open questions remain regarding the pathway's precise mechanisms and broader roles in plants.

    Conclusions:

    • Significant strides have been made in elucidating the N-end rule pathway in plants.
    • This pathway plays a critical role in plant development, with its components now being identified.
    • Future research will focus on further unraveling the complexities and functions of this pathway in the plant kingdom.