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In vivo Imaging of Optic Nerve Fiber Integrity by Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Mice

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Scotopic spatiotemporal sensitivity differences between young and old adults.

Cynthia L Clark¹, Joseph L Hardy, Vicki J Volbrecht

¹School of Psychological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado, Campus Box 94, Greeley, CO, USA.

Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the Journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)

|July 16, 2010

Summary

Older adults have reduced contrast sensitivity, affecting both spatial and temporal vision. This age-related decline compromises their visual window of visibility.

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Area of Science:

Vision Science
Gerontology
Psychophysics

Background:

Previous research indicated age-related losses in contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequencies under scotopic conditions.
The impact of temporal stimulus frequency on the age-related spatial contrast sensitivity function (sCSF) under scotopic conditions remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how temporal stimulus frequency influences the relationship between age and the spatial contrast sensitivity function (sCSF).
To compare scotopic spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity between young and old adults.

Main Methods:

Employed a maximum-likelihood, two-alternative, temporal forced-choice QUEST procedure.
Measured thresholds for spatially and temporally modulated stimuli in young (mean age 26) and old (mean age 75) adult groups.

Main Results:

Both young and old observers exhibited low-pass spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity functions (CSFs).
Contrast sensitivity decreased similarly with increasing spatial and temporal frequencies in both age groups.
Older adults demonstrated lower overall sensitivity and a reduced high-frequency resolution limit compared to younger adults.

Conclusions:

Age-related differences in contrast sensitivity suggest a uniform loss in visual channels for spatial and temporal processing.
This uniform sensitivity loss compromises the spatial and temporal window of visibility in older adults compared to younger adults.