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Related Concept Videos

Layers of the Heart Wall01:15

Layers of the Heart Wall

The heart wall comprises three distinct layers: the epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium. The outermost layer, the epicardium, is the visceral layer of the serous pericardium, featuring a thin, transparent mesothelial surface and an inner layer of areolar connective tissue with fat deposits that increase with age.
The myocardium, the thickest layer, consists of cardiac muscle cells interconnected by intercalated discs and crisscrossing connective tissue fibers. These muscle fibers contract...
Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

In Vitro Culture of Epicardial Cells From Mouse Embryonic Heart
06:31

In Vitro Culture of Epicardial Cells From Mouse Embryonic Heart

Published on: April 27, 2016

Telocytes in human epicardium.

L M Popescu1, C G Manole, M Gherghiceanu

  • 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania. LMP@jcmm.org

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
|July 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epicardial telocytes, crucial cardiac stem cell niche cells, are confirmed in human hearts. These cells, identified by their unique structure and markers, may play a role in heart repair and regenerative therapies.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Epicardial telocytes were previously identified in mice and suggested to support cardiac stem cells.
  • Telocytes are known for their unique morphology and potential roles in tissue repair.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To confirm the presence and characterize telocytes in the human (sub)epicardium.
  • To investigate the immunophenotype and ultrastructure of human epicardial telocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Conventional immunohistochemistry (IHC) on human autopsy hearts (adults and fetuses).
  • Laser confocal microscopy and digital transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on surgical biopsy samples.
  • Immunolabelling for specific markers including c-kit/CD117, CD34, vimentin, and S-100.

Main Results:

  • Telocytes were identified in the human (sub)epicardium using IHC and TEM.
  • Human epicardial telocytes share immunophenotype features with myocardial telocytes, characterized by long telopodes.
  • TEM revealed telocytes releasing microvesicles, forming interconnected 3D networks with myocardial telocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Human epicardial telocytes possess similar characteristics to those found in other species and myocardial locations.
  • These cells represent potential candidates for autologous cell-based therapies in cardiac disease treatment.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate their precise roles in cardiac regeneration and pathology.