Three-dimensional evaluation of craniofacial asymmetry: an analysis using computed tomography

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Medical Imaging
• Anthropology

Background:

• Facial asymmetry is common in patients with dysmorphic syndromes or incorrect jaw positions.
• Accurate evaluation is crucial for effective orthognathic surgery planning.
• 3D imaging offers advanced visualization for complex craniofacial cases.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate facial asymmetry using 3D computed tomography (CT) reconstructions.
• To identify specific craniofacial landmarks and structures most affected by asymmetry.
• To correlate asymmetry patterns with surgical treatment planning needs.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey involving 21 consecutive patients diagnosed with CT scans.
• Creation of 3D skull reconstructions from CT data.
• Measurement of craniometric landmarks and asymmetric structures.

Main Results:

• The gonion was the most asymmetrical point; the anterior nasal spine showed the least deviation.
• Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were found at all landmarks between symmetric and asymmetric patients.
• Lateral and frontal inclination of the mandibular ramus demonstrated the greatest asymmetry, influencing facial appearance.

Conclusions:

• 3D CT imaging is a valuable tool for assessing facial asymmetry in orthognathic surgery.
• Mandibular ramus angulation is a key determinant of facial asymmetry and surgical planning.
• Understanding asymmetry patterns aids in developing precise treatment strategies for craniofacial deformities.