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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration occur due to afferent arteriolar...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
07:41

Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats

Published on: October 23, 2020

Visual dysfunction associated with diabetic retinopathy.

Gregory R Jackson1, Alistair J Barber

  • 1Penn State Hershey Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Penn State College of Medicine, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. gjackson@psu.edu

Current Diabetes Reports
|July 16, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic retinopathy, a leading cause of blindness, impacts vision before visible vascular changes appear. Viewing it as a neurovascular disease offers a better understanding of vision loss mechanisms.

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Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature
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Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

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Behavioral Assessment of Visual Function via Optomotor Response and Cognitive Function via Y-Maze in Diabetic Rats
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Published on: October 23, 2020

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature
05:54

Quantification of Diabetes-induced Adherent Leukocytes in Retinal Vasculature

Published on: January 24, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Diabetology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Diabetic retinopathy is a primary cause of blindness.
  • It is typically considered a vascular complication of diabetes mellitus.
  • Diabetes affects vision even before microvascular changes are evident.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of diabetes mellitus on retinal function.
  • To advocate for a neurovascular perspective on diabetic retinopathy.
  • To promote a multimodal approach for studying vision loss in diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diabetic retinopathy.
  • Analysis of the impact of diabetes on inner and outer retinal function.
  • Evaluation of electrophysiologic changes in the retina due to diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes mellitus impairs both visual and electrophysiologic function of the retina.
  • Visual dysfunction occurs prior to the development of clinically observable microvascular damage.
  • Retinal neurovascular changes are implicated in early vision loss.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetic retinopathy should be considered a neurovascular disease, not solely a vascular complication.
  • A neurovascular approach is crucial for understanding diabetic vision loss.
  • Multimodal research strategies are essential for comprehensive diabetic retinopathy studies.