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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic cells are...
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore called induced pluripotent stem...
Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming01:29

Somatic to iPS Cell Reprogramming

Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012 for this...
Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

miRNA in pluripotent stem cells.

Uma Lakshmipathy1, Jonathan Davila, Ronald P Hart

  • 1WM Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA. uma.lakshmipathy@lifetech.com

Regenerative Medicine
|July 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial small noncoding RNAs regulating stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. They play a vital role in maintaining pluripotency and reprogramming somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells.

More Related Videos

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
11:38

RNA-based Reprogramming of Human Primary Fibroblasts into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: November 26, 2018

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening
07:18

A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening

Published on: May 12, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Molecular genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) possess self-renewal and differentiation capabilities.
  • Cellular pluripotency is governed by complex interactions involving transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, and signaling pathways.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs, are integral components of these regulatory networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the specific roles of miRNAs in the regulatory circuits controlling ESC and iPSC self-renewal and pluripotency.
  • To highlight the significance of miRNAs in the process of somatic cell reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on miRNA function in stem cells.
  • Analysis of miRNA targeting mechanisms on protein-encoding mRNAs.
  • Investigation of miRNA involvement in pluripotency maintenance, proliferation, and differentiation.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs are essential for maintaining pluripotency in both ESCs and iPSCs.
  • miRNAs regulate critical cellular processes including proliferation and differentiation.
  • Recent research clarifies specific miRNA roles in stem cell regulatory circuitry.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are key regulatory molecules in stem cell biology.
  • miRNAs are indispensable for maintaining pluripotency and driving differentiation.
  • miRNAs are critical for the successful reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state.