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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

Imbalances in Cardiac Output

The heart's primary function is to pump blood throughout the body, maintaining a balance between blood sent out (cardiac output) and blood returning (venous return). If this balance is disrupted, it can result in congestive heart failure (CHF), a severe condition where the heart becomes an inefficient pump, leading to inadequate blood circulation.
CHF can occur due to the failure of either side of the heart. Left-side failure leads to pulmonary congestion—the right side continues to send blood...

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Arrhythmias and left ventricular hypertrabeculation /noncompaction.

C Stöllberger¹, J Finsterer

¹2nd Medical Department, Juchgasse 25, 1030 Wien, Österreich, Austria. claudia.stoellberger@chello.at

Current Pharmaceutical Design

|July 17, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) is linked to various arrhythmias, with differing prevalence in children and adults. Understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and risk factors in LVHT is crucial for patient management and sudden cardiac death prevention.

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Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

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Area of Science:

Cardiology
Electrophysiology
Genetics

Background:

Left ventricular hypertrabeculation/noncompaction (LVHT) is a congenital heart anomaly characterized by excessive myocardial trabeculae.
Arrhythmias are a significant concern in LVHT patients, impacting morbidity and mortality.
The underlying mechanisms and specific risk factors for arrhythmias in LVHT remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the spectrum and prevalence of arrhythmias in patients with LVHT.
To compare arrhythmia patterns between pediatric and adult LVHT populations.
To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions for managing arrhythmias in LVHT.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of patient data including arrhythmias, demographics, and clinical outcomes.
Comparison of arrhythmia frequencies between pediatric and adult cohorts.
Review of existing literature on LVHT and associated arrhythmias.

Main Results:

Common arrhythmias in LVHT include ventricular tachycardia (VT), atrial fibrillation (AF), AV block, and QT prolongation.
Significant differences in arrhythmia prevalence exist between children (e.g., WPW syndrome, bradycardia) and adults (e.g., VT, AF).
120 patients received implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for sudden cardiac death prevention; systolic dysfunction is not a reliable risk marker for VT/VF.

Conclusions:

Arrhythmia profiles in LVHT vary significantly with age, necessitating tailored clinical approaches.
Further research is needed to elucidate the pathomechanisms of arrhythmias in LVHT, particularly in those with neuromuscular disorders.
Clarifying risk factors for VT/VF and identifying patients prone to AF is essential for optimizing prophylactic strategies and preventing thromboembolic events.