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A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
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Immersion before dry simulated dive reduces cardiomyocyte function and increases mortality after decompression.

Svein Erik Gaustad1, Alf O Brubakk, Morten Høydal

  • 1Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Medical Technology Center, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres gt. 9, N-7489 Trondheim, Norway. svein.e.gaustad@ntnu.no

Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Immersion before diving impairs heart cell function by affecting calcium handling and reducing survival time. This study reveals potential cellular mechanisms behind reduced cardiac function in divers.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Diving Medicine
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Diving and decompression under immersion can negatively impact cardiac function.
  • The underlying mechanisms for these cardiac changes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of pre-dive immersion on cardiomyocyte function.
  • To explore the cellular mechanisms contributing to cardiac dysfunction after diving.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three rats were divided into control, immersion, dry dive, and preimmersion dive groups.
  • Simulated hyperbaric dives involved compression and decompression; cardiomyocyte function was assessed via microscopy.
  • Protein levels of key calcium handling molecules (SERCA2a, NCX, phospholamban) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Preimmersion dives significantly increased bubble production and reduced survival time compared to dry dives.
  • Cardiomyocytes from preimmersion dive rats showed reduced shortening, slower relaxation, and altered calcium handling.
  • Reduced protein levels of SERCA2a, NCX, and phospholamban phosphorylation were observed post-dive.

Conclusions:

  • Immersion prior to diving impairs cardiomyocyte function and calcium handling.
  • These cellular changes offer a potential explanation for reduced cardiac function observed in human divers.