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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model
08:03

Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

Published on: November 4, 2025

Congenital craniofacial anomalies.

Brian J Forbes1

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine/The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA. forbesb@email.chop.edu

Current Opinion in Ophthalmology
|July 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Ophthalmologists face challenges with congenital craniofacial anomalies. A multidisciplinary team approach is crucial for optimal patient outcomes in managing these complex conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Congenital craniofacial anomalies present significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.
  • These conditions require specialized knowledge for effective ophthalmological management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review major craniofacial anomalies impacting ophthalmology.
  • To highlight key treatment considerations for ophthalmic issues in craniofacial syndromes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of literature on craniofacial anomalies.
  • Analysis of ophthalmic implications and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Craniofacial anomalies necessitate a multidisciplinary team approach involving various surgical and medical specialists.
  • Ophthalmologists must understand craniofacial syndromes and interventions for ocular and adnexal problems.
  • Addressing behavioral, developmental, and systemic issues is vital for comprehensive patient care.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of craniofacial anomalies requires integrated care from a specialized team.
  • Ophthalmologists play a critical role in evaluating and treating ocular complications associated with these syndromes.