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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation01:19

Factors Affecting Pulmonary Ventilation

Besides the pressure difference between the external environment and the lungs, the airflow rate and ease of pulmonary ventilation are also influenced by three other factors: surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli, compliance of the lungs, and airway resistance.
Alveolar Surface Tension
The alveolar fluid lines the luminal surface of the alveoli and exerts a force called surface tension. This force is caused by the polar water molecules in the liquid being more strongly attracted to each...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

[Does long-term asbestos exposure cause an obstructive ventilation pattern?].

X Baur1, U Manuwald, D Wilken

  • 1Ordinariat für Arbeitsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Zentralinstitut für Arbeitsmedizinund Maritime Medizin, Seewartenstrasse 10, Hamburg. baur@uke.de

Pneumologie (Stuttgart, Germany)
|July 17, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Long-term asbestos dust exposure impairs lung function, reducing lung volume and airflow. Smoking exacerbates these asbestos-related lung function impairments, especially in peripheral airways.

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Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
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Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Published on: August 25, 2017

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
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Published on: September 6, 2024

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure
08:17

Generation of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model in Mice by Repeated Ozone Exposure

Published on: August 25, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Medicine
  • Pulmonary Physiology

Context:

  • Asbestos exposure is a known risk factor for respiratory diseases.
  • Understanding the functional impact of asbestos is crucial for worker health surveillance.

Purpose:

  • To review the functional lung impairments caused by long-term asbestos exposure.
  • To analyze dose-response relationships and the impact of latency periods.
  • To investigate the synergistic effects of smoking and asbestos exposure on lung function.

Summary:

  • Long-term asbestos exposure leads to reduced lung volume, decreased forced expiratory flows (FEF50, FEF75), increased FEV1/FVC ratio, and elevated airway resistance.
  • Functional impairments are evident even without radiological changes and show dose-response relationships, increasing with latency.
  • Asbestos workers who smoke experience significantly worse lung function, particularly in peripheral airways, due to synergistic effects.

Impact:

  • Highlights the subclinical functional effects of asbestos exposure.
  • Underscores the increased risk for asbestos-exposed smokers.
  • Suggests a need for improved methods to assess asbestos-induced lung function impairment, accounting for factors like reference values and airway trapping.