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Related Concept Videos

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry

The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:
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Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP–MS): Overview

In inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) torch is used as an atomizer and ionizer. Solid samples are dissolved and volatilized before being introduced into the high-temperature argon plasma, while solution samples are nebulized and passed through the high-temperature argon plasma. Plasma dissociates the analytes and ionizes their component atoms to form a mixture of positive ions and molecular species. The positive ions are then passed on to...
Mass Spectrometry: Overview01:19

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

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Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

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Visualization of Ambient Mass Spectrometry with the Use of Schlieren Photography
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Published on: June 20, 2016

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry.

Min-Zong Huang1, Cheng-Hui Yuan, Sy-Chyi Cheng

  • 1Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)
|July 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ambient ionization mass spectrometry offers rapid analysis with minimal sample prep for diverse fields like medicine and environmental monitoring. This review categorizes techniques based on ionization processes and sampling methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Ambient ionization mass spectrometry enables rapid analysis with minimal sample pretreatment.
  • Techniques like electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are commonly used.
  • Applications span biomedicine, food safety, antiterrorism, pharmaceuticals, and environmental pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques.
  • To provide a structured overview of methods based on ionization processes and sampling approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Categorization of ambient ionization techniques.
  • Classification based on ionization mechanisms.
  • Differentiation by sample introduction methods.

Main Results:

  • Ambient ionization methods allow for separate control of ionization and sample introduction.
  • Rapid analysis of gas, liquid, and solid samples is achievable.
  • Techniques are sorted into two main subcategories based on ionization processes.

Conclusions:

  • Ambient ionization mass spectrometry is a versatile tool for diverse analytical challenges.
  • Understanding the categorization aids in selecting appropriate techniques.
  • Continued development promises broader applications in various scientific fields.