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Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces03:00

Intermolecular vs Intramolecular Forces

Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties02:56

Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences01:20

Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS): Interferences

Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) is a highly selective and sensitive technique for accurate elemental analysis. Though the analysis of ICP–MS mass spectra is comparatively straightforward, it is affected by spectroscopic and non-spectroscopic interferences. Spectroscopic interferences arise when the plasma contains ionic species with an m/z value the same as the analyte ion. Spectroscopic interference can be categorized as isobaric, polyatomic ions, and refractory oxide ion...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry

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Ion chemistry in the interstellar medium.

Theodore P Snow1, Veronica M Bierbaum

  • 1Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, USA. Theodore.Snow@colorado.edu

Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry (Palo Alto, Calif.)
|July 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reviews the interstellar medium

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Thermochemical Studies of Ni(II) and Zn(II) Ternary Complexes Using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry
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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry
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Non-equilibrium Microwave Plasma for Efficient High Temperature Chemistry

Published on: August 1, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Astrochemistry
  • Interstellar Medium
  • Laboratory Astrophysics

Background:

  • The interstellar medium (ISM) is the matter and radiation that exists between stars within a galaxy.
  • Understanding the physical and chemical conditions of the ISM is crucial for stellar evolution and galaxy formation.
  • Characterizing interstellar chemistry presents significant challenges due to the complex reactions occurring in space.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the interstellar medium's physical and chemical conditions.
  • To detail laboratory studies on ion-atom reactions relevant to interstellar chemistry.
  • To summarize and discuss ion-neutral reaction data since 1993.

Main Methods:

  • Review of spectroscopic observations and characterization techniques for the ISM.
  • Description of experimental approaches and instrumentation for laboratory studies of ion-atom reactions.
  • Tabulation and analysis of published data on ion-neutral reactions involving key elements.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of the physical and chemical states of the interstellar medium.
  • Summary of experimental methodologies for studying ion-atom reactions in a laboratory setting.
  • Compilation of ion-neutral reaction data, highlighting progress since the 1993 review.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate characterization of interstellar chemistry requires robust laboratory data.
  • Ion-neutral reactions involving H, N, and O are fundamental to interstellar chemical pathways.
  • This work provides a valuable resource for astrochemists studying the composition and evolution of the ISM.