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Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action

Neurochemical Transmission: Sites of Drug Action

Neurochemical transmission, the conduction of electrical impulses between neurons mediated by neurotransmitters, plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Autonomic drugs exert their effects by modulating neurotransmission within the autonomic nervous system. For instance, drugs such as hemicholinium block the precursor uptake necessary for synthesizing acetylcholine, an essential autonomic neurotransmitter. Following synthesis, neurotransmitters are stored in vesicles. Metyrosine...

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

Spasmolytic Agents: Chemical Classification

Spasmolytic agents are drugs used to alleviate muscle spasms and spasticity. They can be categorized into different chemical groups based on their mechanisms of action. Centrally acting spasmolytics primarily affect the spinal cord, while others directly target skeletal muscle cells.
A major class of centrally acting spasmolytics is the α2-agonist, such as tizanidine. These drugs bind to α2-adrenoceptors, inhibiting the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate. They also promote...

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Synthesis

Drugs affecting neurotransmitter synthesis can impact the adrenergic neuron and the synthesis of neurotransmitters. For example, α-methyltyrosine and carbidopa target specific enzymes involved in catecholamine synthesis. α-methyltyrosine inhibits the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, which converts tyrosine into dopamine. By blocking this enzyme, α-methyltyrosine reduces dopamine production and other catecholamines. Carbidopa, on the other hand, inhibits the enzyme dopa decarboxylase, which converts...

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

Drugs Affecting Neurotransmitter Release or Uptake

Certain drugs can affect how neurotransmitters called catecholamines, are released or taken back up in the adrenergic neuron. They can have different effects on the body's sympathetic transmission. Reserpine, a natural compound found in the Rauwolfia shrub, blocks a transporter called vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which leads to a buildup of catecholamines in the cell and reduces sympathetic transmission. Another drug called guanethidine works in multiple ways, including blocking...

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing (Competitive) Neuromuscular Blockers: Pharmacological Actions

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers prevent the membrane depolarization of muscle cells and inhibit muscle contraction. These are usually administered with anesthetics to achieve complete muscle relaxation. Upon administration, these drugs first block the small, rapidly contracting muscles of the face and hands, followed by the larger muscles of the trunk and the intercostal muscles. The diaphragm is the last muscle to be affected.
Although all competitive neuromuscular blockers are designed...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Lumbar Intrathecal Injection of SOD1-ASOs for Precise CNS Targeting and Predictive Efficacy in Human SOD1-G93A ALS Mice

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Neurogenic drugs and compounds.

Philippe Taupin¹

¹School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. philippe.taupin@dcu.ie

Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery

|July 20, 2010

Summary

Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cell (NSC) research offers new therapeutic avenues for neurological disorders. Recent patents focus on neurogenic drugs, including nootropics and apigenin, for treating conditions like Alzheimer's and depression.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Stem Cell Biology
Pharmacology

Background:

Adult neurogenesis, the creation of new neurons in the adult brain, is influenced by various factors, including drugs.
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are implicated in neurological disease treatments and drug development.
Existing neurological drugs may exert their effects through modulation of adult neurogenesis and NSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and discuss recent patents on neurogenic drugs and compounds.
To highlight the potential of targeting adult neurogenesis and NSCs for treating neurological diseases.
To examine the role of nootropic agents and apigenin derivatives in neurogenic drug development.

Main Methods:

Review of recent patent literature on neurogenic drugs.

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Analysis of compounds targeting adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells.

Discussion of potential therapeutic applications and limitations.

Main Results:

Identification of patents related to neurogenic drugs, including nootropics and apigenin.
Exploration of the therapeutic potential of targeting adult neurogenesis for conditions like Alzheimer's disease and depression.
Discussion of the role of NSCs in mediating drug effects and potential regenerative applications.

Conclusions:

Adult neurogenesis and NSC research present significant opportunities for novel drug discovery in neurology.
Neurogenic drugs, such as nootropics and apigenin, show promise for treating neurological disorders and brain tumors.
Further research and improved models are needed to overcome limitations in developing potent and specific neurogenic drugs.