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Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice

Studying Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Mice

Published on: August 2, 2024

Cytokine expression and accelerated tooth movement.

C C Teixeira¹, E Khoo, J Tran

¹Department of Orthodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, 345 East 24th Street, New York, NY 10010, USA.

Journal of Dental Research

|July 20, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Stimulating inflammatory cytokines via small bone perforations significantly accelerates tooth movement and bone remodeling. This method enhances osteoclast activity and tooth displacement compared to traditional force application alone.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Published on: August 2, 2024

The Establishment of a Murine Maxillary Orthodontic Model

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Published on: October 27, 2023

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Using Inducible Osteoblastic Lineage-Specific Stat3 Knockout Mice to Study Alveolar Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Published on: July 21, 2023

Area of Science:

Orthodontics
Bone Biology
Cytokine Signaling

Background:

Inhibiting cytokine expression slows tooth movement.
The role of cytokine stimulation in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if stimulating inflammatory cytokine expression through cortical bone perforations increases the rate of bone remodeling and tooth movement.
To evaluate the impact of localized bone micro-perforations on orthodontic tooth movement dynamics.

Main Methods:

Forty-eight rats underwent orthodontic force application to the maxillary first molar.
Experimental groups included force application with soft tissue flap and/or cortical bone perforations.
Cytokine expression, osteoclast activity, bone remodeling, and tooth movement rate were assessed over 28 days using micro-CT, microscopy, and immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

The group with cortical bone perforations (OFP) showed significantly increased expression of 37 cytokines, with 21 elevated highest in this group.
The OFP group exhibited a higher number of osteoclasts and increased bone remodeling activity.
Generalized osteoporosity and a significantly increased rate of tooth movement were observed in the OFP group.

Conclusions:

Stimulating inflammatory cytokine expression via localized cortical bone perforations enhances bone remodeling and accelerates orthodontic tooth movement.
This minimally invasive technique holds potential for improving the efficiency of orthodontic treatments.
Targeting cytokine pathways through bone micro-perforations represents a novel approach in orthodontics.