Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms
Published on: March 3, 2021
Clinical system engineering of long-term automatic thermal control during brain hypothermia under changing conditions
H Wakamatsu1, T Utsuki, C Mitaka
1Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. wakamatsu.bse@tmd.ac.jp
Abstract:
Automatic control systems of brain temperature for water surface-cooling were first-ever applied to the brain hypothermic treatment of patients. A patient in ICU was regarded as a unity controlled system with an input (temperature of water into blanket) and an output (tympanic membrane temperature). The proposed algorithm of optimal-adaptive and fuzzy control laws inclusive of our developed cooling and warming machine were well confirmed during the hypothermic course to keep brain temperature of patients within its allowable range. It was well controlled without much influence due to room temperature, metabolic and circulatory change caused by various medical treatments including the effect of nonlinear and time-varying characteristics of individual patients. The clinical control of brain temperature was almost continuously performed in around 10 days, under the brain temperature between 35 degrees C and 37 degrees C scheduled by physicians according to the state of patients. Their state had been monitored during the therapeutic course of pharmacological treatment with almost everyday examinations by CT imaging, referring various vital signs inclusive of the temperature of urinary bladder with continuous measurement of intracranial pressure by a catheter placement in cerebral sinus. The patients had good recovery to their rehabilitation after mild hypothermia by the proposed automatic control systems.
Related Concept Videos
Decreased Body Temperature
Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature
Thermoregulation
Methods of reducing fever
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
Control Systems: Applications
In modern vehicles, control systems manage various functions to enhance performance and safety. The steering wheel and accelerator are primary inputs in a car's control system. The direction...
Thermal expansion and Thermal stress: Problem Solving
To solve the problem, first, identify the known and unknown quantities. The initial length (L) of the bridge is 1275 m, the coefficient of linear expansion (α) for steel is 12 x 10-6/°C, and the change in temperature (ΔT) is 55 °C.

