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Related Concept Videos

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes

The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, high molecular...
Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)00:53

Olefin Metathesis Polymerization: Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization or ADMET polymerization involves cross-metathesis of terminal dienes, such as 1,8-nonadiene, to give linear unsaturated polymer and ethylene. As ADMET is a reversible process, the formed ethylene gas must be removed from the reaction mixture to complete the polymerization process.
Similar to cross-metathesis, ADMET also involves the formation of metallacyclobutane intermediate by [2+2] cycloaddition of one of the double bonds of a terminal diene with...
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:03

Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview

Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching01:17

Radical Chain-Growth Polymerization: Chain Branching

The skeletal structure of polymers synthesized via radical polymerization is always branched. For example, the polymerization of ethylene by radical polymerization results in a low-density grade of polyethylene with a heavily branched skeletal structure. Here, the radical site abstracts hydrogen from the growing chain, and the radical site shifts from the end (a primary carbon center) to anywhere within the growing chain (a secondary carbon center). Consequently, the part of the chain from the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Published on: April 22, 2016

Well-Defined Polymers Bearing Pendent Alkene Functionalities via Selective RAFT Polymerization.

Jun Ma1, Chong Cheng, Guorong Sun

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Department of Radiology, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO 63130-4899.

Macromolecules
|July 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new method using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to create polymers with alkene groups. This technique allows for precise control over polymer structure and functionality, leading to new materials.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Functionalized Vinyl Monomers Using Perylene as a Visible Light Photocatalyst
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Published on: April 22, 2016

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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers
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Depolymerizable Olefinic Polymers Based on Fused-Ring Cyclooctene Monomers

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Organic Synthesis
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Developing polymers with specific functionalities is crucial for advanced materials.
  • Controlled polymerization techniques are needed to precisely engineer polymer architectures.
  • Pendent alkene groups offer versatile sites for post-polymerization modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a facile synthetic route for well-defined polymers with pendent alkene functionalities.
  • To utilize selective reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization for this purpose.
  • To synthesize and characterize novel alkene-functionalized fluoropolymers and diblock copolymers.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a novel divinyl monomer, 4-(3'-buten-1'-oxy)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorostyrene (1).
  • Selective RAFT polymerization and copolymerization of monomer 1 with pentafluorostyrene (PFS).
  • Preparation of alkene-functionalized diblock copolymers using a macro-chain transfer agent.

Main Results:

  • Well-defined fluoro(co)polymers with pendent alkene groups were successfully synthesized via RAFT polymerization.
  • Alkene-functionalized diblock copolymers were created by copolymerizing monomer 1 with PFS or styrene.
  • Hydrolysis and ammonolysis yielded amphiphilic diblock fluorocopolymers forming internally-functionalized micelles.

Conclusions:

  • A facile and selective RAFT polymerization method enables the synthesis of well-defined polymers with pendent alkene groups.
  • The developed fluoropolymers and diblock copolymers possess tunable structures and functionalities.
  • These materials can self-assemble into functional micelles, demonstrating potential in nanotechnology and drug delivery.