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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema

Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction01:23

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease01:24

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...

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Protocol and Guidelines for Point-of-Care Lung Ultrasound in Diagnosing Neonatal Pulmonary Diseases Based on International Expert Consensus
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Congenital lobar emphysema.

Divya Chandran-Mahaldar1, Subbaih Kumar, Kathamuthu Balamurugan

  • 1Department of Cardiac Anaesthesiology, Meenakshi Mission Hospital and Research Center, Lakearea, Madurai TN 625107.

Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
|July 20, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) causes infantile respiratory distress and can lead to cardiovascular compromise during ventilation. This case highlights anesthetic strategies for emergency lobectomy in infants with CLE.

Keywords:
Congenitallobar emphysemaHyperinflation of emphysematous lungNeonatal anaesthesiaPositive pressure ventilation

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Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Assessment of Right Ventricular Function in the Piglet

Published on: November 4, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Congenital lobar emphysema (CLE) is a rare condition causing lung overinflation in infants.
  • CLE can lead to severe respiratory distress and hemodynamic instability.
  • Surgical resection is the definitive treatment for CLE.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of a 28-day-old infant with CLE undergoing emergency lobectomy.
  • To review anesthetic strategies for lung separation in infants with CLE.
  • To discuss methods for preventing hyperinflation during positive pressure ventilation.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an infant with CLE.
  • Review of anesthetic techniques for lung separation in pediatric surgery.
  • Discussion of intraoperative management to prevent lung hyperinflation.

Main Results:

  • Successful emergency lobectomy was performed.
  • Anesthetic management focused on preventing positive pressure ventilation-induced hyperinflation.
  • The review identified key considerations for lung separation in this challenging scenario.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetic management is critical in infants with CLE undergoing lobectomy.
  • Strategies to avoid hyperinflation are essential to prevent cardiovascular compromise.
  • Careful planning and technique selection are vital for successful surgical outcomes in CLE.