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Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice

Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2022

Mood and transient cardiac dysfunction in everyday life.

Mimi R Bhattacharyya¹, Andrew Steptoe

¹Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

Journal of Behavioral Medicine

|July 20, 2010

Summary

Negative emotions may precede cardiac events like ST depression and ventricular tachycardia in cardiac patients. This study suggests emotional state contributes to cardiac dysfunction vulnerability in daily life.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice

Real-Time Electrocardiogram Monitoring During Treadmill Training in Mice

Published on: May 5, 2022

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Psychophysiology
Autonomic Nervous System

Background:

Emotional states are linked to cardiac events, but the temporal relationship is unclear.
Cardiac patients may experience transient myocardial ischemia, ventricular tachycardia, and autonomic dysfunction due to emotions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temporal sequence between emotional state and cardiac dysfunction in daily life.
To determine if negative mood precedes cardiac events in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Main Methods:

Eighty-eight patients with suspected coronary artery disease underwent 24-h ECG monitoring.
Affect was measured using the Day Reconstruction Method.
Mood and heart rate variability were analyzed before, during, and after cardiac events.

Main Results:

Negative mood was reported more frequently in the 15 minutes preceding cardiac dysfunction (P=0.02).
Heart rate increased 5 minutes before cardiac dysfunction (P=0.005).
Low-frequency heart rate variability decreased at the onset of cardiac dysfunction (P=0.007).

Conclusions:

Emotional state may contribute to cardiac dysfunction vulnerability in everyday life.
Negative emotions appear to precede cardiac events in susceptible individuals.