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Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

Infertility in Females

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Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...

Oogenesis

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The Effect of Aging on Tissues

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Human Egg Maturity Assessment and Its Clinical Application

Human Egg Maturity Assessment and Its Clinical Application

Published on: August 19, 2019

Ageing and infertility: an overview.

¹Institut Clínic of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, Hospital Clínic-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Faculty of Medicine-University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. jbalasch@ub.edu

Gynecological Endocrinology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology

|July 21, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Female fertility declines significantly after age 35, despite reproductive technologies. Age remains the primary factor influencing conception success and pregnancy outcomes for both sexes.

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Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Human fertility studies

Background:

Increasing trend of delayed childbearing in women over 35 in modern societies.
Prevalence of misconceptions regarding reproductive technologies overcoming age-related fertility decline.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the critical impact of biological aging on fertility.
To underscore that science cannot fully counteract age-related fertility decline.

Main Methods:

Review of scientific literature on fertility and aging.
Analysis of the role of age in natural and assisted conception.

Main Results:

Age is the most significant determinant of fertility for both men and women.
Maternal age impacts not only conception rates but also pregnancy outcomes.
Female fertility peaks before 35; male fertility declines significantly after 45-50.

Conclusions:

The biological clock is a critical factor in human reproduction that cannot be circumvented.
Delayed childbearing beyond 35 poses significant risks to conception and pregnancy.
Awareness of age-related fertility decline is crucial for family planning.