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Related Concept Videos

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:24

Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
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Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
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Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
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Modeling and Evaluation of Murine Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Model
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Published on: November 29, 2024

Economic models in type 2 diabetes.

Y Yi1, Z Philips, G Bergman

  • 1Mapi Values, Bollington, Macclesfield, UK.

Current Medical Research and Opinion
|July 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cost-effectiveness models for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatments often lack transparency in data synthesis and outcome selection. Future models should capture all relevant treatment effects, including side effects, for comprehensive evaluation.

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Area of Science:

  • Health economics
  • Pharmacoeconomics
  • Diabetes research

Background:

  • Economic evaluations are crucial for assessing novel type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatments.
  • Cost-effectiveness models (CEMs) guide treatment decisions but require critical appraisal.
  • Understanding the scope and limitations of existing T2D CEMs is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically identify and critically appraise CEMs for T2D treatments.
  • To assess the range of treatment effects captured by these models.
  • To identify areas for improvement in T2D economic modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, etc.) and Health Technology Assessment (HTA) websites up to September 2008.
  • Extraction of model structure, data inputs/outputs, and appraisal of model quality using established criteria.
  • Identification of 20 distinct CEMs with multiple publications or associated evaluations.

Main Results:

  • Most T2D CEMs share a common fundamental structure and utilize similar micro-simulation techniques.
  • Transparency in data identification, synthesis, and outcome selection was frequently lacking.
  • Models varied in evaluated interventions and captured diabetes complications and adverse events; few included weight changes.

Conclusions:

  • Existing T2D CEMs, while numerous, often share common structural features.
  • Key limitations include a lack of transparency and the selective inclusion of outcomes.
  • Future CEMs should comprehensively incorporate all relevant treatment outcomes, including complications and side effects.