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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
09:40

Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

Published on: January 25, 2019

Pig genome sequence--analysis and publication strategy.

Alan L Archibald, Lars Bolund, Carol Churcher

    BMC Genomics
    |July 21, 2010
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium is sequencing the pig genome using a hybrid approach. Data is publicly available, with plans for further analysis and publication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genomics
    • Comparative Genomics
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • The Swine Genome Sequencing Consortium (SGSC) is undertaking a comprehensive sequencing and characterization of the pig genome.
    • A hybrid sequencing strategy combining hierarchical shotgun sequencing of bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing is employed.

    Discussion:

    • The SGSC is releasing annotated genome assemblies (Sscrofa9, with Sscrofa10 under construction) via Ensembl browsers.
    • The upcoming Sscrofa10 assembly will integrate WGS data, achieving over 30x coverage using short Illumina/Solexa reads.
    • Sequence data is being released promptly to public repositories (Genbank/EMBL, NCBI/Ensembl) in accordance with international data-sharing agreements.

    Key Insights:

    • Public accessibility of pig genome sequence data is prioritized.
    • The integration of WGS data is enhancing genome assembly quality and coverage.
    • Automated annotation pipelines (Pre-Ensembl, Ensembl) are utilized for genome characterization.

    Outlook:

    • The SGSC outlines plans for the analysis, application, and publication of pig genome sequence results.
    • Future research will leverage the high-coverage WGS data for deeper genomic insights.
    • Continued collaboration and data sharing are central to advancing swine genomics.