Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Amplifying and Quantifying HIV-1 RNA in HIV Infected Individuals with Viral Loads Below the Limit of Detection by Standard Clinical Assays
Published on: September 26, 2011
Sexual diversity and HIV risk among older heterosexual African American males who are seropositive
Christopher Lance Coleman1, Katherine Ball
1Center for Health Disparities Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia 19104-6096, USA. colemanc@nursing.upenn.edu
Abstract:
The purpose of this study is to describe the occurrence of non-condom use during vaginal or anal intercourse, controlling for HIV symptoms, AIDS knowledge, relationship status, and safe-sex discussion, in 73 self-identified heterosexual African American males who are seropositive. The participants were analyzed as a subset from a larger sample of 130 African American men who are HIV seropositive. HIV-related symptoms were reported by all of the study participants. Twenty-seven percent of the participants reported engaging in same-sex behavior, 37% reported not using condoms during vaginal sex, and 75% reported not using condoms during anal sex during the past 3 months. Twenty-four percent did not decrease sexual risk behaviors, despite being seropositive. The logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds for participants not using condoms who did not engage in safe-sex discussions were 77.4 times for vaginal sex and 14.2 times during anal sex. These findings are compelling given that African Americans comprise 50% of new HIV infections each year.
Related Concept Videos
Amebiasis
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Retrovirus Life Cycles
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
