Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Laparoscopic Extracorporeal Knot-Tying for Uterine Vessel Occlusion during Hysterectomy with Cervical Cerclage in Large Uteri
Published on: September 12, 2025
Obstructed uteri with a cervix and vagina
Kelly Nicole Wright1, Ogochukwu Okpala, Marc R Laufer
1Division of Gynecology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Objective:
To describe a rare anomaly of the female reproductive tract and review the embryology associated with the defect.
Design:
Case report and review of the literature.
Setting:
Major academic medical center.
Patient(S):
A 14-year-old girl with two hemiuteri lacking any communication with a single normal midline cervix and vagina.
Intervention(S):
Diagnostic laparoscopy with chromopertubation to identify the anomaly and subsequent bilateral supracervical hemihysterectomies.
Main Outcome Measure(S):
Incidence, pathogenesis, fertility implications, and treatment options for patients with congenital defects in the upper vagina, cervix, and uterus.
Result(S):
Based on classic embryology, the lower vagina forms from the urogenital sinus while the upper vagina, cervix, and uterus form from the müllerian ducts. If a cervix is present, then the upper vagina and uterus are also usually present and should communicate.
Conclusion(S):
This anomaly cannot be fully explained by traditional embryologic developmental theory. It is likely that an insult occurred between 9 weeks, when the uterovaginal canal is formed, and 12 weeks, when the müllerian ducts fuse.
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