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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
The DNA Helix01:07

The DNA Helix

Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...
The DNA Helix01:16

The DNA Helix

Overview
DNA Topoisomerases02:02

DNA Topoisomerases

Topoisomerases are enzymes that relax overwound DNA molecules during various cell processes, including DNA replication and transcription. These enzymes regulate positive and negative DNA supercoiling without changing the nucleotide sequence. DNA overwinding in a clockwise direction results in positively supercoiled DNA, whereas underwinding in a counterclockwise direction produces negatively supercoiled DNA.
Types and Mechanism of action
Topoisomerases are divided into two main types.  Type I...
Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
07:59

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami

Published on: December 3, 2015

DNA origami: a history and current perspective.

Jeanette Nangreave1, Dongran Han, Yan Liu

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.

Current Opinion in Chemical Biology
|July 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

DNA origami, a versatile nanotechnology, enables precise nanoscale construction for diverse applications. This review details its origins, evolution, and current impact in areas like molecular organization and reaction studies.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Folding and Characterization of a Bio-responsive Robot from DNA Origami
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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • DNA nanotechnology has utilized DNA for nanoscale object design for ~30 years.
  • Scaffolded DNA origami has become a leading technique in DNA nanotechnology.
  • Recent advances showcase DNA origami's broad applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the origin and evolution of DNA origami.
  • To highlight the current status and versatility of DNA origami.
  • To showcase diverse applications of DNA origami in scientific research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on DNA origami.
  • Analysis of recent applications in various scientific fields.
  • Historical perspective on the development of DNA nanotechnology.

Main Results:

  • DNA origami enables the assembly of nanoscale structures with high precision.
  • Applications include RNA hybridization, single-molecule studies, and molecular organization.
  • It facilitates the arrangement of proteins, carbon nanotubes, and nanoparticles.

Conclusions:

  • DNA origami is a highly versatile and powerful assembly technique.
  • Its applications continue to expand across multiple scientific disciplines.
  • The technique is crucial for advancing nanoscale research and development.