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Related Concept Videos

The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Visualization of Replisome Encounters with an Antigen Tagged Blocking Lesion
08:24

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Published on: July 27, 2021

Human RECQL5 overcomes thymidine-induced replication stress.

Rachel Blundred1, Katie Myers, Thomas Helleday

  • 1The Institute for Cancer Studies, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.

DNA Repair
|July 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

RECQL5 protein stabilizes DNA replication forks during thymidine stress, promoting cell survival without causing mutations. This key helicase prevents genome instability and aids cell cycle completion.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Determination of S-Phase Duration Using 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine Incorporation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Published on: October 21, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Accurate DNA replication is crucial for maintaining genome integrity.
  • Five human RecQ helicases regulate DNA replication, with several linked to cancer and aging prevention.
  • RECQL5 is the least understood of these essential helicases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of RECQL5 in human cells, particularly its role in DNA replication stress.
  • To determine how RECQL5 influences cell survival and genome stability under conditions that impede replication.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of RECQL5 in human cells.
  • Induction of replication stress using thymidine.
  • Analysis of replication fork dynamics, DNA damage markers (RPA foci, gammaH2AX), cell cycle signaling (CHK1), homologous recombination, and PCNA ubiquitylation.

Main Results:

  • Overexpressed RECQL5 enhances cell survival during thymidine-induced replication fork slowing.
  • RECQL5 specifically localizes to stalled replication forks.
  • RECQL5 suppresses key DNA damage and cell cycle arrest markers, including RPA foci, CHK1 signaling, homologous recombination, and gammaH2AX activation.
  • RECQL5 reduces PCNA ubiquitylation, suggesting it does not primarily act via translesion synthesis.
  • Overexpression of RECQL5 alleviates thymidine-induced cell cycle arrest without inducing mutations.

Conclusions:

  • RECQL5 plays a critical role in stabilizing stalled replication forks.
  • RECQL5 facilitates replication fork progression, enabling cells to overcome thymidine-induced stress and complete the cell cycle.
  • RECQL5 contributes to genome integrity by preventing excessive DNA damage and cell cycle arrest during replication stress.