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Related Concept Videos

Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...

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Related Experiment Video

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The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice
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The bm12 Inducible Model of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in C57BL/6 Mice

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Endogenous retroviral pathogenesis in lupus.

Andras Perl1, David Fernandez, Tiffany Telarico

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA. perla@upstate.edu

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|July 21, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) may trigger systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) through molecular mimicry and by stimulating interferon and anti-DNA antibody production. ERV proteins and nucleic acids are implicated in lupus pathogenesis.

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Analyses of Proteinuria, Renal Infiltration of Leukocytes, and Renal Deposition of Proteins in Lupus-prone MRL/lpr Mice

Published on: June 8, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Virology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) development is influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are hypothesized to bridge the human genome and environmental triggers in lupus pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
  • To investigate the molecular mechanisms by which ERVs may contribute to lupus development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HRES-1 human ERV protein products (HRES-1/p28 and HRES-1/Rab4).
  • Investigation of HRES-1/Rab4 regulation of CD4 expression and T cell receptor (TCR) complex dynamics in lupus.
  • Examination of the link between chilblain lupus, Trex1 exonuclease deficiency, and ERV integration.
  • Assessment of ERV-derived nucleic acids' impact on immune responses in murine lupus models.

Main Results:

  • HRES-1 ERV encodes autoantigen HRES-1/p28 and GTPase HRES-1/Rab4.
  • HRES-1/Rab4 is overexpressed in lupus T cells, affecting CD4 and CD3/TCRzeta expression.
  • HIV-1 tat gene induces HRES-1/Rab4, downregulating CD4 and HIV-1 susceptibility.
  • Trex1 deficiency or impaired ERV DNA integration promotes lupus in mouse models.

Conclusions:

  • ERV proteins may induce lupus via molecular mimicry.
  • Accumulated ERV-derived nucleic acids stimulate interferon and anti-DNA antibody production in SLE.
  • ERVs represent a significant factor in SLE pathogenesis, linking genetic predisposition with environmental triggers.