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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

Published on: May 26, 2020

Knee rotation and loading during spin and step turn.

H Wang¹, N Zheng

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering and Engineering Science, Center for Biomedical Engineering Systems, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, NC 28223, United States.

International Journal of Sports Medicine

|July 21, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Spin turns increase tibia rotation and valgus torque, potentially raising anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk. For right-dominant individuals, using the right leg or a step turn may reduce ACL or ACL graft stress.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

An Inertial Measurement Unit Based Method to Estimate Hip and Knee Joint Kinematics in Team Sport Athletes on the Field

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Area of Science:

Biomechanics
Orthopedics
Sports Medicine

Background:

Direction changes during daily activities can increase anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tension.
Tibia axial rotation and knee joint valgus torque are key factors influencing ACL stress.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare knee joint rotation and valgus torque between step turns and spin turns after walking downstairs.
To identify turning strategies that may minimize stress on the ACL or ACL graft.

Main Methods:

Quantified knee joint axial rotation and valgus torque in 20 healthy subjects.
Compared biomechanical parameters between step turn and spin turn strategies for both legs.

Main Results:

Spin turns resulted in significantly greater internal tibia rotation and range of motion compared to step turns for both legs.
The left leg exhibited significantly greater peak valgus torque during spin turns than step turns; no significant difference was found for the right leg.
Excessive internal axial rotation and higher valgus torque during spin turns may increase vulnerability of the ACL and ACL graft.

Conclusions:

Turning strategies significantly influence knee joint biomechanics.
Spin turns impose greater rotational and torque stress on the knee compared to step turns, particularly on the left leg.
For right-dominant individuals, utilizing the right leg or a step turn may be a safer strategy to reduce ACL or ACL graft stress.