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Related Concept Videos

Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
08:47

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

The translational regulator eIF3a: the tricky eIF3 subunit!

Federica Saletta1, Yohan Suryo Rahmanto, Des R Richardson

  • 1Iron Metabolism and Chelation Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, Blackburn Building (D06), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006 Australia.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|July 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The eukaryotic initiation factor 3a (eIF3a) influences cell cycle regulation and mRNA translation. Its role in cancer is complex, with studies showing both pro-cancer and protective effects, highlighting its intricate involvement in malignancy.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells
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Monitoring eIF4F Assembly by Measuring eIF4E-eIF4G Interaction in Live Cells

Published on: May 1, 2020

Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment
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Xenopus laevis as a Model to Identify Translation Impairment

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Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs
10:37

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

Published on: May 10, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Gene expression regulation is crucial for cellular physiology; dysregulation can lead to cancer.
  • mRNA translation initiation is a key regulatory step involving eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs).
  • eIF3, a large and complex eIF, impacts translational regulation, cell growth, and cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the largest eIF3 subunit, eIF3a, in cellular processes.
  • To explore eIF3a's function beyond general translation initiation.
  • To understand eIF3a's impact on cell cycle regulation and its implications in cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of eIF3a's regulatory role on specific mRNAs (p27kip1, tyrosinated α-tubulin, RRM2).
  • Examination of eIF3a expression patterns in various tissues and cancer types.
  • Investigation of eIF3a's effect on cell cycle modulation and malignant phenotypes.

Main Results:

  • eIF3a regulates proteins critical for cell cycle progression, including those involved in S-phase entry.
  • eIF3a mRNA is widely expressed and elevated in several cancers.
  • Suppression of eIF3a reversed malignant phenotypes and altered cell sensitivity to cycle modulators.

Conclusions:

  • eIF3a plays a significant role in cell cycle control and may act as a specific mRNA regulator.
  • The expression of eIF3a is linked to cellular differentiation and cancer.
  • eIF3a's precise role in cancer remains ambiguous, with conflicting evidence regarding its involvement in cancer development versus protection against malignancy.