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Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

Published on: June 8, 2015

Comment on "Observational and model evidence for positive low-level cloud feedback".

Anthony J Broccoli¹, Stephen A Klein

¹Department of Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8551, USA. broccoli@envsci.rutgers.edu

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 22, 2010

Summary

Climate models struggle to replicate marine low cloudiness relationships. However, detailed analysis of the GFDL CM2.1 model shows improved agreement with observational data, highlighting the need for further climate simulation studies.

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Area of Science:

Climate Science
Atmospheric Physics
Oceanography

Background:

Observational studies revealed systematic relationships between marine low cloudiness and other climatic variables.
Previous research indicated that most contemporary climate models failed to accurately reproduce these observed relationships.

Discussion:

This study re-analyzed the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Climate Model version 2.1 (GFDL CM2.1) using more comprehensive model output.
The re-analysis revealed a better agreement between the GFDL CM2.1 model simulations and observational data concerning marine low cloudiness variations.

Key Insights:

The GFDL CM2.1 model demonstrates a more accurate representation of marine low cloudiness relationships compared to initial assessments.
Discrepancies in earlier findings may stem from the level of detail in analyzed model output.

Outlook:

Further in-depth analysis of climate model simulations is crucial for improving their predictive capabilities.
Enhanced model output analysis can lead to more reliable climate change projections.