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Related Concept Videos

Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
Cancer Prevention02:59

Cancer Prevention

Several factors can increase the risk of cancer in an individual. About 50% of cancer cases can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle, regular exercise, eating healthy, and following a modest cancer prevention diet. Epidemiological studies have consistently shown that populations with vegetable and fruit-rich diets have reduced the incidence of cancer. On the other hand, populations who have a diet rich in animal fat, red meat, junk food, or high calories are predisposed to cancer.
Some...
What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...
What is Cancer?02:12

What is Cancer?

Cells and tissues must meticulously coordinate their activities for the normal functioning of the human body. Therefore, they exhibit socially responsible behavior - resting, growing, dividing, differentiating, or dying - for the organism’s benefit. Cancer arises when cells divide uncontrollably and invade other tissues or organs.
Although people have known about cancer for centuries, it was only in 1761 that Giovanni Morgagni of Padua performed a detailed autopsy of patients who died from...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
11:15

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

[Lung cancer].

Akira Inoue1

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan.

Gan to Kagaku Ryoho. Cancer & Chemotherapy
|July 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tegafur-uracil is standard adjuvant chemotherapy for resected stage I adenocarcinoma. For advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like gefitinib are now first-line treatments for EGFR-mutated patients.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors
11:15

Next Generation Sequencing for the Detection of Actionable Mutations in Solid and Liquid Tumors

Published on: September 20, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Medical Oncology
  • Thoracic Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy with tegafur-uracil is standard for resected stage I adenocarcinoma.
  • Tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium is under investigation for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
  • Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) like gefitinib and erlotinib are established treatments for advanced NSCLC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium in advanced NSCLC.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying EGFR gene mutations (e.g., exon 19 deletion, L858R) as predictive factors for EGFR-TKI efficacy.
  • To establish first-line treatment standards for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.

Main Methods:

  • Phase III trials investigating tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium in first-line and second-line settings for NSCLC.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data comparing gefitinib with standard platinum doublet chemotherapy for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.
  • Assessment of the risk-benefit balance of EGFR-TKI treatment in relation to specific EGFR mutations.

Main Results:

  • Gefitinib as a first-line treatment significantly prolonged progression-free survival in EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC compared to platinum doublet chemotherapy.
  • EGFR-TKIs demonstrate high efficacy in patients with EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC, irrespective of performance status.
  • Fatal interstitial lung disease is a critical adverse event requiring careful monitoring during EGFR-TKI therapy.

Conclusions:

  • First-line gefitinib has become a new standard of care for EGFR-mutated advanced NSCLC.
  • Identification of EGFR mutations is crucial for optimizing treatment selection and outcomes in NSCLC.
  • Ongoing research is evaluating novel chemotherapy regimens and targeted therapies for various stages of NSCLC.