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Related Concept Videos

Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrosome Duplication02:25

Centrosome Duplication

The primary microtubule organizing center (MTOC) in animal cells is the centrosome. A centrosome has two cylindrical centrioles at its core. Each centriole consists of nine sets of three microtubules held together by proteins. The centrioles are positioned at right angles to each other and surrounded by a shapeless protein cloud called the pericentriolar matrix, or pericentriolar material (PCM).
To ensure that each daughter cell receives a centrosome after cell division, centrosome duplication...
Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or "prometaphase,"...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis And Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis And Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes
09:41

Imaging Centrosomes in Fly Testes

Published on: September 20, 2013

Centriole duplication: A lesson in self-control.

Andrew J Holland1, Weijie Lan, Don W Cleveland

  • 1Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|July 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4) controls cell division by regulating centriole duplication. Its stability is tightly controlled by an autoregulatory feedback loop to prevent cancer development.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Published on: September 20, 2013

Live-Cell Imaging of Drosophila melanogaster Third Instar Larval Brains
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Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes
09:39

Quantitative Immunofluorescence Assay to Measure the Variation in Protein Levels at Centrosomes

Published on: December 20, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Centrosomes organize the microtubule network during cell division.
  • Aberrant centrosome number/structure is linked to genomic instability and cancer.
  • Centriole replication, regulated by Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), controls centrosome duplication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Plk4 in centriole biogenesis and its implications in cancer.
  • To explore the autoregulatory feedback mechanisms controlling Plk4 stability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies on Plk4 function and regulation.
  • Analysis of Plk4's role in centriole duplication and centrosome amplification.
  • Discussion of Plk4's impact on tumorigenesis in model organisms.

Main Results:

  • Plk4 is essential for centriole biogenesis; its overexpression causes centrosome amplification and tumorigenesis (flies).
  • Plk4 haploinsufficiency leads to cytokinesis failure and increased tumor incidence (mice).
  • Plk4 is a low-abundance protein whose stability is regulated by its own activity via an autoregulatory feedback loop.

Conclusions:

  • Tight regulation of Plk4 levels is crucial for preventing genomic instability and cancer.
  • The autoregulatory feedback loop on Plk4 stability acts as a safeguard against detrimental Plk4 levels.
  • Understanding Plk4 regulation offers insights into centrosome biology and cancer etiology.