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Related Concept Videos

Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis and Cytokinesis02:03

Mitosis and Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Mitosis And Cytokinesis01:35

Mitosis And Cytokinesis

In eukaryotes, the cell division cycle is divided into distinct, coordinated cellular processes that include cell growth, DNA replication/chromosome duplication, chromosome distribution to daughter cells, and finally, cell division. The cell cycle is tightly regulated by its regulatory systems as well as extracellular signals that affect cell proliferation.
The processes of the cell cycle occur over approximately 24 hours (in typical human cells) and in two major distinguishable stages. The...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...

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Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors
10:30

Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors

Published on: May 20, 2021

Polyploid megakaryocytes can complete cytokinesis.

Younes Leysi-Derilou1, Amélie Robert, Carl Duchesne

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada.

Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)
|July 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Polyploid megakaryocytes (MKs) can complete cell division, producing more polyploid cells. This successful cytokinesis, rather than just failed division, is key to megakaryocyte development and expansion.

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Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors
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Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors
10:30

Isolation of Mouse Megakaryocyte Progenitors

Published on: May 20, 2021

Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors
14:30

Immunophenotyping and Cell Sorting of Human MKs from Human Primary Sources or Differentiated In Vitro from Hematopoietic Progenitors

Published on: August 7, 2021

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans
07:54

Manipulation of Ploidy in Caenorhabditis elegans

Published on: March 15, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Hematopoiesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Megakaryocytes (MKs) are essential for platelet production and undergo endomitosis, a process involving DNA replication without cell division.
  • Endomitosis typically results in polyploid MKs due to failed cytokinesis, but the precise mechanisms and outcomes are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics of polyploid megakaryocyte development and cytokinesis using live cell imaging.
  • To quantify the contribution of successful and failed cytokinesis to polyploid MK expansion.
  • To compare MK differentiation from cord blood (CB) and bone marrow (BM) sources.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term, large-field live cell imaging of human MKs derived from CD34+ cells in CB and BM cultures.
  • Evaluation of polyploid levels using cell history, cell size/ploidy correlation, and nuclei staining.
  • Direct observation and quantification of MK fates (n=4865).

Main Results:

  • A significant proportion of polyploid MKs successfully completed cytokinesis, generating polyploid daughter cells.
  • Successful cytokinesis contributed substantially to the expansion of the polyploid MK pool.
  • Proliferation rate in polyploid MKs inversely correlated with ploidy level, more pronounced in CB-derived MKs.
  • Endomitosis was the dominant fate in BM-MKs, less so in CB-MKs, explaining lower ploidy in CB-derived MKs.

Conclusions:

  • Megakaryocyte polyploidization results from both the failure and success of cytokinesis.
  • Successful cytokinesis represents a novel mechanism for polyploid MK expansion, challenging previous paradigms.
  • Differences in cytokinesis success contribute to variations in ploidy levels between CB- and BM-derived MKs.