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Related Concept Videos

Enzyme-linked Receptors01:00

Enzyme-linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are proteins that act as both receptor and enzyme, activating multiple intracellular signals. This is a large group of receptors that include the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family. Many growth factors and hormones bind to and activate the RTKs.
Neurotrophin (NT) receptors are a family of RTKs, including trkA, trkB, and trkC (tropomyosin-related kinase) receptors. TrkA is specific for nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin-6, and neurotrophin-7. TrkB binds...
Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

Notch Signaling Pathway

The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
The Notch gene came into the limelight in 1914 after the discovery that its mutation in Drosophila melanogaster leads to a serrated (or "notched") wing margin phenotype. It was not until 1985...
MAPK Signaling Cascades01:07

MAPK Signaling Cascades

Mitogen-activated protein kinase, or MAPK pathway, activates three sequential kinases to regulate cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. The canonical MAPK pathway starts with a mitogen or growth factor binding to an RTK. The activated RTKs stimulate Ras, which recruits Raf or MAP3 Kinase (MAPKKK), the first kinase of the MAPK signaling cascade. Raf further phosphorylates and activates MEK or MAP2 Kinases (MAPKK), which in turn phosphorylates MAP...
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis
10:25

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis

Published on: December 12, 2019

GSK3 signalling in neural development.

Eun-Mi Hur1, Feng-Quan Zhou

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.

Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
|July 22, 2010
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) signaling is vital for brain development, controlling neurogenesis and neuron growth. Dysregulation of GSK3 is linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting its critical role.

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Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons
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Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Published on: November 21, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis
10:25

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis

Published on: December 12, 2019

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development
09:32

Light-mediated Reversible Modulation of the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway during Cell Differentiation and Xenopus Embryonic Development

Published on: June 15, 2017

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons
09:46

Analyzing Murine Schwann Cell Development Along Growing Axons

Published on: November 21, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) proteins and their regulators are implicated in neurodevelopment.
  • Aberrant GSK3 signaling is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the regulation of GSK3 activity in the nervous system.
  • To provide an overview of GSK3's role in neurogenesis, neuronal polarization, and axon growth.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent advances in GSK3 signaling research.
  • Discussion of regulatory mechanisms and downstream effectors of GSK3.

Main Results:

  • GSK3 signaling is tightly regulated in the nervous system.
  • GSK3 controls fundamental neurodevelopmental processes including neurogenesis, neuronal polarization, and axon growth.
  • GSK3 acts as a central mediator for various signaling molecules involved in neurodevelopment.

Conclusions:

  • GSK3 is a critical signaling node in brain development.
  • Understanding GSK3 regulation and function is key to addressing neurodevelopmental disorders.