Targeted therapies for solid tumors: current status and future perspectives

The therapeutic benefits of targeted clinical interventions with increased selectivity and fewer adverse effects hold great promise in the treatment of solid malignancies, both in monotherapy and in combination. Molecular targeted therapies offer increasingly customized solutions based on the targeting of multiple specific pathways essential for cancer development and metastasis, allowing the maintenance of quality of life while efficiently attacking the tumor. To date, several monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and small-molecule inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of colorectal, breast, head and neck, non-small cell lung and renal cell cancer. A number of additional targeted therapies are currently being investigated in ongoing clinical trials in various tumor types such as lung, gastric, cervical, uterine melanoma, and brain tumors. This article describes current and newly developed targeted therapies in solid tumors, with a special focus on tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These include mAbs and small-molecule inhibitors that aim to specifically disrupt receptor signaling pathways, which are essential for proliferation, survival and migration of tumor cells.