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Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma I: Introduction

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by variable airflow obstruction and heightened bronchial responsiveness to a wide range of triggers. The underlying inflammation leads to airway swelling, mucus hypersecretion, and smooth muscle constriction, all of which narrow the airway lumen and impede airflow. Clinically, asthma presents with recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, symptoms that typically vary in intensity and...

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features

Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...

Asthma III: Clinical Manifestations

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Asthma presents with a characteristic pattern of episodic respiratory symptoms that reflect underlying airway inflammation, bronchoconstriction, and mucus hypersecretion. Although severity varies among individuals, certain clinical manifestations are considered hallmarks of the disorder and often guide diagnosis and assessment.Respiratory SymptomsA persistent cough is one of the most common early features of asthma. It is frequently dry and tends to worsen at night or in the early morning,...

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

Published on: May 14, 2012

Modelling asthma in macaques: longitudinal changes in cellular and molecular markers.

G Ayanoglu¹, B Desai, R B Fick

¹Dept of Bioanalytical and Protein Chemistry, Schering-Plough Biopharma, Palo Alto, CA, USA.

The European Respiratory Journal

|July 24, 2010

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study shows that cynomolgus macaques exposed to house dust mite allergen develop asthma-like symptoms and immune responses. This animal model effectively mimics human asthma, aiding in the discovery of new treatments and biomarkers.

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Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Murine Model of Allergen Induced Asthma

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Published on: May 14, 2012

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

A Reversible, Non-invasive Method for Airway Resistance Measurements and Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Sampling in Mice

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Published on: August 25, 2020

Area of Science:

Immunology
Pulmonology
Translational Medicine

Background:

Human asthma involves complex immunological and molecular pathways.
Developing reliable animal models is crucial for understanding asthma pathogenesis and testing therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate if cynomolgus macaques sensitized and challenged with aeroallergens can replicate human asthma's immunological and molecular pathology.
To establish a preclinical model for asthma research, including target and biomarker discovery.

Main Methods:

Macaques were immunized and challenged with house dust mite allergen over two years.
Serum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and bronchial biopsies were analyzed for immunological markers.
Assays included gene and protein expression, and lymphocyte subpopulation analysis.

Main Results:

Allergen sensitization and challenge induced changes in immunoglobulin E, airway physiology, and eosinophilia, consistent with dual-phase asthma.
Elevated levels of key cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-13, IL-5) and chemokines were observed in serum and BAL fluid.
Significant shifts in T-cell populations (CD4+, CD8+) in BAL fluid were noted, with corticosteroid treatment showing therapeutic effects.

Conclusions:

Aeroallergen challenge in macaques successfully models key aspects of human asthma, including immune responses and physiological changes.
This model provides a valuable platform for translational research, facilitating the identification of novel therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers for asthma.