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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary cation—the calcium...
Qualitative Analysis03:46

Qualitative Analysis

For solutions containing mixtures of different cations, the identity of each cation can be determined by qualitative analysis. This technique involves a series of selective precipitations with different chemical reagents, each reaction producing a characteristic precipitate for a specific group of cations. Metal ions within a group are further separated by varying the pH, heating the mixture to redissolve a precipitate, or adding other reagents to form complex ions.
For instance, group IV...
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant01:20

Chemical Equilibria: Redefining Equilibrium Constant

The effect of an inert salt on the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt is known as the salt effect. The degree of the salt effect varies with the ionic strength of the solution, which in turn depends on the activity of the species in the solution. The activity is expressed as the product of concentration and the activity coefficient of the species.
To calculate the equilibrium constants of solutions of moderately high ionic strength, one must account for the salt effect. This redefined...
Common Ion Effect03:24

Common Ion Effect

Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
Solubility of Ionic Compounds02:55

Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Solubility is the measure of the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature and pressure. Solubility is usually measured in molarity (M) or moles per liter (mol/L). A compound is termed soluble if it dissolves in water.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis
07:33

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis

Published on: March 15, 2016

Mind your salts: when the inactive constituent isn't.

Richard R Neubig1

  • 1Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0632, USA. rneubig@umich.edu

Molecular Pharmacology
|July 24, 2010
PubMed
Summary

Pamoic acid, a common salt component in medications, activates the GPR35 receptor. This finding suggests pamoate salts may influence drug effects, impacting pharmacological actions and therapeutic outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Many drugs utilize inactive salt forms to enhance solubility and stability.
  • Pamoic acid is frequently used to form pamoate salts for various pharmaceutical formulations.
  • The pharmacological roles of these salt components are often overlooked.

Discussion:

  • A recent study identified pamoic acid as a potent activator of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR35.
  • This GPR35 activation by pamoic acid may contribute to the observed pharmacological effects of certain pamoate salt drugs.
  • The interaction highlights the potential biological activity of commonly disregarded excipients.

Key Insights:

  • Pamoic acid demonstrates significant activity at the GPR35 receptor.

More Related Videos

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis
07:33

A Whole Mount In Situ Hybridization Method for the Gastropod Mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis

Published on: March 15, 2016

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
08:43

Molten-Salt Synthesis of Complex Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

Published on: October 27, 2018

  • The salt form of a drug can possess its own pharmacological actions.
  • Excipients like pamoic acid are not always inert and can influence therapeutic outcomes.

    • Outlook:

    • Further investigation into the GPR35 pathway and its modulation by pamoic acid is warranted.
    • Consideration of salt forms is crucial for understanding drug efficacy and potential side effects.
    • Pharmacologists, regulators, and clinicians should re-evaluate the significance of salt selection in drug development and practice.