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The Kamil Crater in Egypt.

Luigi Folco1, Mario Di Martino, Ahmed El Barkooky

  • 1Museo Nazionale dell'Antartide Università di Siena, Via Laterina 8, 53100 Siena, Italy. folco@unisi.it

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A pristine 45-meter impact crater in Egypt reveals iron meteorites can survive atmospheric entry intact. This finding challenges current models of hypervelocity impacts on Earth.

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Area of Science:

  • Geology
  • Planetary Science
  • Impact Cratering

Background:

  • Pristine rayed structures are rare on Earth, typically found on atmosphereless bodies.
  • Understanding hypervelocity impacts is crucial for planetary science and Earth hazard assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery of a unique, pristine impact crater in southern Egypt.
  • To investigate the nature of the impactor and the resulting shock metamorphism.
  • To challenge existing geophysical models regarding atmospheric entry of iron meteorites.

Main Methods:

  • Geological field surveys to identify and characterize the impact structure.
  • Analysis of meteorite fragments to determine composition and origin.
  • Microscopic examination of rock samples to identify shock metamorphism features.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of a 45-meter diameter impact crater with a well-preserved rayed structure.
  • Association of the crater with an iron meteorite impactor.
  • Evidence of significant shock metamorphism within the cratered rocks.
  • Ground data contradicting models predicting substantial fragmentation of large iron meteorites during atmospheric entry.

Conclusions:

  • The Egyptian crater provides a rare terrestrial example of a pristine impact structure.
  • Iron meteorites of tens of tons can penetrate Earth's atmosphere with minimal fragmentation, contrary to current models.
  • This discovery offers new insights into small-scale hypervelocity impacts on terrestrial planetary crusts.