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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Lunar apatite with terrestrial volatile abundances.

Jeremy W Boyce¹, Yang Liu, George R Rossman

¹Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125-2500, USA. jwboyce@alum.mit.edu

|July 24, 2010

Summary

Lunar rocks, specifically basalt 14053, contain surprising levels of hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and sulfur (S) in apatite. These findings suggest the Moon may be more volatile-rich than previously believed.

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Area of Science:

Geochemistry
Lunar Science
Planetary Science

Background:

The Moon is generally considered depleted in volatile elements compared to Earth.
Evidence of lunar explosive volcanism suggests some magmas exsolved CO-rich vapor phases.
Previous research lacked unambiguous evidence for indigenous hydrogen (H) in lunar rocks.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the volatile content of late-stage apatite in lunar basalt 14053.
To compare the volatile concentrations with those found in terrestrial igneous rocks.
To assess the implications for the Moon's volatile inventory and mantle composition.

Main Methods:

Quantitative ion microprobe measurements were performed on apatite samples from lunar basalt 14053.
Concentrations of hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), and sulfur (S) were analyzed.
Apatite formation models (metamorphic and igneous) were considered.

Main Results:

Apatite from lunar basalt 14053 shows H, Cl, and S concentrations comparable to terrestrial apatites.
The volatile content suggests either post-magmatic addition or crystallization from a volatile-rich melt (approx. 1600 ppm H2O, 3500 ppm Cl).
Both metamorphic and igneous models support a significant volatile inventory in some lunar materials.

Conclusions:

Certain lunar materials possess a volatile inventory similar to terrestrial rocks.
This challenges the notion of the Moon being universally depleted in volatiles.
Parts of the lunar mantle or crust may be more volatile-rich than previously hypothesized.