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Related Concept Videos

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the translocon complex.
Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies01:38

Intralumenal Vesicles and Multivesicular Bodies

Intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) are small vesicles 50-80 nm in diameter formed during the maturation of early endosomes. A specialized endosome containing numerous ILVs is called a multivesicular body (MVB). ILVs contain internalized molecules such as antigens, nucleic acids, proteins, and metabolites. Some of these molecules are released from the MVBs inside exosomes and are transported to other cells. Other MVBs contain molecules that are retained in the ILVs and are later degraded within the...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane01:41

The Supercomplexes in the Crista Membrane

The mitochondrial cristae membrane is the primary site for the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process of energy conversion mediated through respiratory complexes I to V. These complexes have been widely studied for decades, and it has been proven that they form supramolecular structures called respiratory supercomplexes (SC). These higher-order complexes may be crucial in maintaining the biochemical structure and improving the physiological activity of the individual complexes while...
ER Retrieval Pathway01:45

ER Retrieval Pathway

In the secretory pathway, vesicles transport proteins from one cellular compartment to another in forward transport to deliver the protein to its correct location. Occasionally, misfolded proteins and incorrect proteins escape their original compartments, and a retrieval pathway is used to return the escaped proteins to their original compartment.
The ER uses many checkpoints to prevent the entry of incorrectly folded or a resident protein as cargo onto a transport vesicle. These mechanisms...
Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
With the help of motor proteins such...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Identification of Protein Complexes in Escherichia coli using Sequential Peptide Affinity Purification in Combination with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
14:58

Identification of Protein Complexes in Escherichia coli using Sequential Peptide Affinity Purification in Combination with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 12, 2012

The ESCRT complexes.

James H Hurley1

  • 1Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. hurley@helix.nih.gov

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
|July 27, 2010
PubMed
Summary

The ESCRT machinery, crucial for cellular processes like protein degradation and viral budding, involves multiple protein complexes. This review details their structure, function, and roles in disease.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The ESCRT (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery is a multi-protein system essential for various cellular functions.
  • It comprises ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III, Vps4-Vta1, and ALIX, playing roles in protein sorting, membrane dynamics, and viral replication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of the ESCRT machinery.
  • To describe the structure and function of its core components.
  • To summarize current knowledge on ESCRT mechanistic roles in cellular pathways and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ESCRT research since its discovery.
  • Analysis of structural and functional data for ESCRT complexes.
  • Synthesis of mechanistic insights into ESCRT-mediated processes.

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Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange
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Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange

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Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline
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Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

Published on: September 13, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 10, 2026

Identification of Protein Complexes in Escherichia coli using Sequential Peptide Affinity Purification in Combination with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
14:58

Identification of Protein Complexes in Escherichia coli using Sequential Peptide Affinity Purification in Combination with Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 12, 2012

Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange
15:13

Structure-function Studies in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells Using Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange

Published on: April 27, 2017

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline
09:14

Super-Resolution Microscopy of the Synaptonemal Complex Within the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline

Published on: September 13, 2022

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of the six key ESCRT complexes (ESCRT-0, -I, -II, -III, Vps4-Vta1, ALIX).
  • Elucidation of their individual and collective roles in cellular pathways.
  • Summary of ESCRT involvement in viral budding, cytokinesis, autophagy, and protein degradation.

Conclusions:

  • The ESCRT system is fundamental to eukaryotic cell function and is implicated in various diseases.
  • Understanding ESCRT structure and function is critical for deciphering cellular mechanisms and disease pathologies.
  • Further research into ESCRT complexes promises insights into therapeutic strategies for diseases involving these pathways.